A binary tree is a tree data structure where each node has at most two children, typically referred to as the left child and the right child. This structure is rooted, meaning it starts with a single node known as the root. Each node in a binary tree consists of three components: a data element, a pointer to the left child, and a pointer to the right child. In the case of a leaf node (a node without children), the pointers to the left and right child point to null.

• Data structures and algorithms
• Computer science
• Software engineering
• Hierarchical organization structure
• Tree data structures

For example, a binary tree could be used to represent a hierarchical organization structure, where each employee has a manager who is either their direct supervisor or a higher-level manager. The employees could be stored in nodes of the binary tree, with each node having at most two children representing the manager’s subordinates.

• Current state of data in your organization