A perceptron is a type of artificial neuron and the simplest form of a neural network, invented by Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts in 1943. It consists of a single layer of artificial neurons, each connected to the input, output, and another neuron through weights, which are adjusted during training to classify inputs into one of two classes.
For example, a perceptron can be used to classify images as either cats or dogs based on their features, such as color, shape, and size.